Hydrogen fuel injection systems are installed as an aftermarket accessory onto semi-trucks. They allow either pure hydrogen or a hydrogen enriched mixture to be injected into the fuel used with internal combustion engines. It is injected into the engine intake manifold where it joins up with intake air. It can be pre-mixed with compressed natural gas at a hydrogen filling station. It will be abbreviated either HCNG or H2CNG.
The hydrogen fuel injection unit weighs about 90 pounds and is installed on trucks just behind the cab. Part of the system includes bringing in a small amount of electric power from the alternator that is used to split distilled water into hydrogen and oxygen gases. These gases are both injected with normal diesel fuel into the engine. The distilled water is stored in a refillable reservoir that is refilled occasionally by the driver.
The HCNG mix contains about 4 to 9 percent hydrogen mixed with compressed natural gas. This mixture has the same flammability and leak risks as just using CNG, so no extra ordinary precautionary measures are necessary. Using about two liters of distilled water added as needed will give about 80 hours of operation for a normal semi-truck. Some HCNG mix companies are guaranteeing a fuel savings of at least ten percent, but drivers report increases of 30 percent or more.
There are many ecological benefits to using a hydrogen fuel injection system, making the use of this system worth paying for. These systems also increase torque and horsepower. Emissions are reduced noticeably, and less fuel is required. Dangerous pollutants such as nitrogen oxide are less with hydrogen fuel injection systems, and greenhouse gases including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and particulates are significantly reduced, over 60 percent, when the truck is operating. More complete combustion of this fuel means less pollution. Because it is an on demand fuel, and produced from distilled water, no compressed or liquid hydrogen needs to be transported on the vehicle.
Another important reason to use these systems is the cost savings aspect. Using less fuel adds up in a hurry especially for long haul trucking. The investment will be returned quickly, or immediate savings are possible with leasing a unit and writing off the business expense. The systems are not inexpensive, some are $15,000, so a faster return on investment is desirable.
An increase in power, through added horsepower and torque, and reduced engine wear are more benefits for trucking and shipping companies. Fewer oil changes, and hence less oil, are needed, and less wear and tear on the engine will extend engine life, saving even more money. These injection systems have proven so useful to the trucking industry, that manufacturers are developing similar products for use on smaller trucks and some cars. There are already vehicles using HHO gas to extend mileage, lessen wear, and save money. The injection systems produce more and use less hydrogen than just hydrogen fuel cells. This important technology is paving the way to future use worldwide.
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